What Are Peroneal Tendon Disorders?
Peroneal tendon disorders refer to conditions that affect the two peroneal tendons—peroneus longus and peroneus brevis—located on the outer side of the ankle. These tendons help stabilize the ankle and foot, especially during walking or running. Disorders can include tendinitis, tears, and subluxation (slipping of the tendons out of place), often resulting from overuse or injury.
Causes of Peroneal Tendon Disorders
Several factors can contribute to irritation, injury, or dysfunction of the peroneal tendons. Common causes include:
- Repetitive ankle motion: Especially in athletes or individuals who engage in running, jumping, or cutting movements.
- Ankle sprains: Particularly inversion injuries where the foot rolls inward, straining the outer ankle.
- Foot structure issues: High arches (pes cavus) can put extra stress on the peroneal tendons.
- Improper footwear: Lack of support or worn-out shoes can contribute to tendon strain.
- Acute trauma: Direct impact or twisting injuries may lead to tendon tears or dislocation.
What Are the Symptoms of Peroneal Tendon Disorders?
Symptoms can develop gradually or after a specific injury. The most common signs include:
- Pain on the outside of the ankle: Especially during activity or after prolonged standing.
- Swelling: Localized around the back or side of the ankle.
- Instability: A feeling of the ankle “giving way,” particularly on uneven surfaces.
- Popping sensation: If the tendons are subluxating (slipping out of place).
- Weakness or stiffness: Particularly when pushing off the foot or during ankle movements.
How Are Peroneal Tendon Disorders Diagnosed?
Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical evaluation and imaging:
- Physical exam: Your doctor will check for tenderness, instability, and signs of tendon movement.
- MRI scan: Offers a detailed view of soft tissue to detect tears, inflammation, or degeneration.
- Ultrasound: May be used dynamically to visualize tendon motion and subluxation in real time.
What Are the Treatment Options for Peroneal Tendon Disorders?
Treatment depends on the severity and type of disorder:
Non-surgical treatments:
- Rest, ice, and elevation.
- Anti-inflammatory medications.
- Physical therapy to strengthen surrounding muscles and improve stability.
- Ankle braces or orthotics for support.
Surgical treatments (for persistent or severe cases):
- Tendon repair or reconstruction.
- Deepening of the groove behind the fibula to prevent subluxation.
- Removal of damaged tendon tissue if necessary.
